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In 1988, Lydia
Cabrera (1899–1991) published La lengua sagrada de los Ñáñigos, an Abakuá
phrasebook that is to this day the largest work available on any African
diaspora community in the Americas. In the early 1800s in Cuba, enslaved
Africans from the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern
Cameroon created Abakuá societies for protection and mutual aid. Abakuá rites
reenact mythic legends of the institution’s history in Africa, using dance,
chants, drumming, symbolic writing, herbs, domestic animals, and masked
performers to represent African ancestors. Criminalized and scorned in the
colonial era, Abakuá members were at the same time contributing to the creation
of a unique Cuban culture, including rumba music, now considered a national
treasure.
Translated for the first time into English, Cabrera’s lexicon documents phrases
vital to the creation of a specific African-derived identity in Cuba and
presents the first “insider’s” view of this African heritage. This text
presents thoroughly researched commentaries that link hundreds of entries to
the context of mythic rites, skilled ritual performance, and the influence of
Abakuá in Cuban society and popular music. Generously illustrated with
photographs and drawings, the volume includes a new introduction to Cabrera’s
writing as well as appendices that situate this important work in Cuba’s
history.
With the help of living Abakuá specialists in Cuba and the US, Ivor L. Miller
and P. González Gómes-Cásseres have translated Cabrera’s Spanish into English
for the first time while keeping her meanings and cultivated style intact,
opening this seminal work to new audiences and propelling its legacy in African
diaspora studies.