Cancer Vaccines: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology)

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Cancer Vaccines: Methods and Protocols explores the manipulation and modification of immune cells, the manipulation and modification of tumor cells as well as the manipulation of immune/tumor interactions and various delivery mechanisms, with the overall end goal of evoking a tumor-specific response and overcoming the immuno-evasive mechanisms employed by the tumor cells. This detailed volume also covers the subject of cancer vaccines in a more global sense with its section on the advances, challenges, and future of cancer vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and authoritative, Cancer Vaccines: Methods and Protocols aims to help guide researchers toward developing further generations of cancer vaccines that are both safe and efficacious, with the hope that cancer vaccines will be the standard of care in the very near future.

Part I: Manipulation and Modification of Immune Cells: Dendritic Cells

1. Single Step Antigen Loading and Maturation of Dendritic Cells Through mRNA Electroporation of a Tumor-Associated Antigen and a TriMix of Costimulatory Molecules

            Daphné Benteyn, An M.T. Van Nuffel, Sofie Wilgenhof, and Aude Bonehill

2. Generation of Multiple Peptide Cocktail-Pulsed Dendritic Cells as a Cancer Vaccine

            Hyun-Ju Lee, Nu-Ri Choi, Manh-Cuong Vo, My-Dung Hoang, Youn-Kyung Lee, and Je-Jung Lee

3. Pulsing Dendritic Cells with Whole Tumor Cell Lysates

            Laura Alaniz, Manglio M. Rizzo, and Guillermo Mazzolini

4. Antigen Trapping by Dendritic Cells for Anti-Tumor Therapy

            Chiranjib Pal

5. Ex Vivo Loading of Autologous Dendritic Cells with Tumor Antigens

            Manglio M. Rizzo, Laura Alaniz, and Guillermo Mazzolini

6. Tumor Antigen/Cytokine-Pulsed Dendritic Cells in Therapy Against Lymphoma

            Sumit K. Hira, Deepak Verma, and Partha P. Manna

7. Dendritic Cells Primed with Protein-Protein Fusion Adjuvant

            Liying Wang and Yongli Yu

8. Antigen-Specific mRNA Transfection of Autologous Dendritic Cells

            Fabian Benencia

9. Electroporation of Dendritic Cells with Autologous Total RNA from Tumor Material

            Francesca Milano and K.K. Krishnadath

10. Dendritic Cells Transfected with Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines

            Joseph Senesac, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Samuel Pirruccello, and James E. Talmadge

11. Genetic Modification of Dendritic Cells with RNAi

            Xiao-Tong Song

12. Fast Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells-Based Immunotherapy

            Gamal Ramadan

13. Intratumoral Injection of BCG-CWS Pretreated Dendritic Cells Following Tumor Cryoablation

            Naoshi Kawamura, Masaru Udagawa, Tomonobu Fujita, Toshiharu Sakurai, Tomonori Yaguchi, and Yutaka Kawakami

14. Exploiting the CD1d-iNKT Cell Axis for Potentiation of DC-Based Cancer Vaccines

            Roeland Lameris, Famke L. Schneiders, Tanja D. de Gruijl, and Hans J. van der Vliet

Part II: Manipulation and Modification of Immune Cells: T Lymphocytes and NK Cells

15. Modification of T Lymphocytes to Express Tumor Antigens

            Aaron E. Foster and Xiao-Tong Song

16. Genetic Modification of Mouse Effector and Helper T Lymphocytes Expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor

            Liza B. John, Tess M. Chee, David E. Gilham, and Phillip K. Darcy

17. Genetic Modification of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Express Cytokine Receptors

            Serena K. Perna, Barbara Savoldo, and Gianpietro Dotti

18. Monitoring the Frequency and Function of Regulatory T Cells and Summary of the Approaches Currently Used to Inhibit Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Patients

            Chiara Camisaschi, Marcella Tazzari, Licia Rivoltini, and Chiara Castelli

19. Cytokine Activation of Natural Killer Cells

            Syh-Jae Lin, Pei-Tzu Lee, and Ming-Ling Kuo

Part III: Manipulation and Modification of Tumor Cells

20. Loading of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells with Poly(I:C) by Electroporation

            Eva Lion, Charlotte M. de Winde, Viggo F.I. Van Tendeloo, and Evelien L.J.M. Smits

21. Autologous Tumor Cells Engineered to Express Bacterial Antigens

            Vijayakumar K. Ramiya, Maya M. Jerald, Patricia D. Lawman, and Michael J.P. Lawman

22. Tumor Cell Transformation Using Antisense Oligonucleotide

            Mohamed R. Akl and Nehad M. Ayoub

23. The Direct Display of Costimulatory Proteins on Tumor Cells as a Means of Vaccination for Cancer Immunotherapy

            Haval Shirwan, Esma S. Yolcu, Rajesh K. Sharma, Hong Zaho, and Orlando Grimany-Nuno

Part IV: Manipulation of Immune/Tumor Interactions

24. Cloning Variable Region Genes of Clonal Lymphoma Immunoglobulin for Generating Patient-Specific Idiotype DNA Vaccine

            Soung-chul Cha, Hong Qin, Ippei Sakamaki, and Larry Kwak

25. Heat Shock Proteins Purified from Autologous Tumors Using Antibody-Based Affinity Chromatography

            Christian Kleist, Marco Randazzo, Janina Jiga, and Peter Terness

26. Invariant Chain-Peptide Fusion Vaccine Using HER-2/neu

            Sonia A. Perez, George E. Peoples, Michael Papamichail, and Constantin N. Baxevanis

27. TLR-9 Agonist Immunostimulatory Sequence Adjuvants Linked to Cancer Antigens

            Hidekazu Shirota and Dennis M. Klinman

28. Production of Multiple CTL Epitopes from Multiple Tumor-Associated Antigens

            Rena Morita, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Munehide Nakatsugawa, Takayuki Kanaseki, Toshihiko Torigoe, and Noriyuki Sato

29. Preparation of Polypeptides Comprising Multiple TAA Peptides

            Bing Ni, Zhengcai Jia, and Yuzhang Wu

30. Idiotype Vaccine Production Using Hybridoma Technology

            Susana Inoges, Ascension Lopez-Diaz de Cerio, Helena Villanueva, Fernando Pastor, and Maurizio Bendandi

31. Preparation of Cancer-Related Peptide Cocktails that Target Heterogeneously-Expressed Antigens

            Reshu Gupta and Pradip P Sachdeva

Part V: Delivery Mechanisms

32. Making an Avipoxvirus Encoding a Tumor-Associated Antigen and a Costimulatory Molecule

            Paul M. Howley, Kerrilyn R. Diener, and John D. Hayball

33. Bacterial Vectors for the Delivery of Tumor Antigens

            Yan Wang, Bertrand Toussaint, and Audrey Le Gouëllec

34. Preparation of Peptide Microspheres Using Tumor Antigen-Derived Peptides

            Santwana Bhatnagar, Raza Ali Naqvi, Riyasat Ali, and D.N. Rao

35. Production of Antigen-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles and Uptake by Dendritic Cells

            Vijaya Bharti Joshi, Sean M. Geary, and Aliasger K. Salem

36. Development of Plasmid-Lipid Complexes for Direct Intratumoral Injection

            Rama P. Kotipatruni and Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

Part VI: The Advances, Challenges, and Future of Cancer Vaccines

37. The Use of Dendritic Cells for Peptide-Based Vaccination in Cancer Immunotherapy

            Mohamed L. Salem

38. Advances in Host and Vector Development for the Production of Plasmid DNA Vaccines

            Juergen Mairhofer and Alvaro R. Lara

39. Challenges Facing the Development of Cancer Vaccines

            Mayer Fishman

40. Future of Cancer Vaccines

            Hauke Winter, Bernard A. Fox, and Dominik Rüttinger